The first and foremost rule is to keep the gemstones clean. Usually, in rings   soap and dust collect behind the stone and the best way to clean it is soaking it in water and applies a mild soap and a soft toothbrush can also be used in this connection.

The gemstones which are considered the hardest may become vulnerable to breakage if they are included something that makes the crystal structure cracked.

Diamonds are counted as the hardest but still they shatter in to pieces if a well-placed blow is offered. Rubies and sapphire too are the toughest but they also face the similar fate if the right below at right place is given to them.

Ultrasonic cleaner is not a right choice for your gem and you must consider a lot before putting gems in it. This can be useful for rubies, diamonds and sapphires but not for many other gems and must leave it whenever you are in doubt. A large number of diamonds, rubies and sapphires that are single crystal gems can be cleaned with a touch of ammonia in water.

Intensive care is required for opaque gemstones like lapis lazuli, malachite and turquoise and you must avoid ultrasonic cleaner and ammonia or some other chemical solution to apply on them. You can just use a moist cloth to clean these gems.

As these materials are mostly rocks and that is why these materials need more care than transparent gemstones. You may have observed when rock is put in water, it begins to absorb water and gets moist but when some gemstone is consisted of a single crystal, it can’t absorb water as there is no room in them that allows water to enter in them.

Intensive care is required to keep opals and they are avoided from ultrasonic, ammonia, heat and strong light that may dry out its water.

Many organic gems including pearls, amber, and coral should be   cleaned just with a moist cloth. As these gems have an organic nature, they are prone to absorbing moisture and often are soft. The gemstone must be kept away from different chemicals that are found hairspray, cosmetics or in perfumes.

You must keep your gemstones in different small pouches separately in the same or different jewelry boxes. The different items of gold, silver or platinum can scratch the gems and make them spoil.

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There are different ranges of color available in rubies and they are from pale pinkish red to dark reddish-brown and most of them can be mistaken for garnet. Their prices depend mostly on their color, cutting, transparency, and settings.

Ruby that I have is medium pinkish-red that has very good clarity and transparency. It was tensely set in the ring to view the stone from all the angles.  If you view that from top, it would appear redder in color and bit silky as well and when you will view it from the side, it appears pinkish and feels entirely transparent.

The rubies that are considered the most precious are deep red in color and they also have some inclusions just like Burmese ruby. Many people believe that they are the most beautiful gemstones in the world. No doubt, they are beautiful but they are equally expensive or to be more exact the most expensive gems in the world. They are smaller in size and only few can be seen in a size of above two carats and their cost sometimes reaches into millions of dollars.

Many rubies that are seen in stores and jewelry shops are often heated to enhance the depth of their color. But we must also keep in mind that most of available gemstones in the market are synthetic or lab created and they are only experts who can judge precisely whether they are authentic or lab created.

Mostly rubies are found in Thailand and they have a stunning deep bloodish hue and most of these rubies are brown and skew very dark red.

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These organic gems are not found in a wide range but they include some usual varieties that are considered very important in the gem business. Amber, coral, jet, ivory and pearl are some member of this organic gem family.

Amber is considered as the fossilized toughen organic substance of the pine tree that came into being almost 50 million years back. The use of amber in jewelry, religious objects and amulets is as old as hills; it has been used in these things since prehistoric times. There is addition of insects, plants or pyrites in the pieces of amber which are considered the most prized. Kaliningrad in Russia is the place where the largest deposits of amber are found in the world. There are also large reserves of the amber in the seabed of the Baltic.

Coral is counted as a branching skeleton-like formation that used to build by small sea animals that were called as coral polyps. Reef-forming corals are the workers behind forming gem-quality coral. Mediterranean, Red sea and coastal plans in Japan are the places where the most valuable coral variety is found. Bright to dark, red to orange-red pink, white black and blue are some well-known color ranges of Corals. Unpolished coral is dull but once it shines it gives an attractive glassy luster.

During 19nth century Jet was very popular but it’s quite unique. A bituminous coal that can be polished is called a Jet. Jet’s fame is related to Queen Victoria of England who wore jet as her mourning after Prince Albert’s death. Due to its light weight long necklaces of jet beads were popular enough among the women during 1920s.

Usually, the material of elephant’s tusk is referred to Ivory but these days teeth of hippopotamus, walrus, wild boar and some other mammals also serve as ivory. Ivory, just like bones, is consisted of calcium phosphate. In the past when plastic wasn’t commonly found, cutlery handles, billiards balls, some musical instruments and carved ornamental items were formed with ivory. But many animals that have ivory tusk were killed to get their tusk and that was the reason that import and sale of ivory was strictly banned in many countries of the world.

Pearl is considered the king of all organic gems. The use of pearls was quite obvious even more than 6000 year back. There was a considerable pearl trade in China even by 2500 B.C.

The best quality of pearl is that they need not any processing the give their best unique features and full luster in their natural state. Pearls are grown or cultivated in hinged shell mollusks of the oyster type. Pearl are widely searched in different seas and streams.

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To gauge the hardness or resistance against scratch of many minerals, German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs developed a scale in 1822 and later this scale was named as Moh’s scale. This scale was based on ten readily available minerals. Moh scale is a position showing scale and you have to put two minerals on comparison to know what mineral is comparatively hard.

On this scale diamond and corundum are rated at ten that prove that they have the ability to scratch all other listed gems: while topaz at nine, quartz at eight, orthoclase at seven, apatite at six, fluorite at 5, calcite at four, gypsum at third, and talc at second .This list shows that topaz has the ability to scratch all these gems that have lower ratings than topaz while it can be scratched by diamond or corundum.

It is worth mentioning that Mohs scale only gives relative measurement as it can’t tell anything about how much harder diamond is than other gemstones like topaz or quartz.

It is not right to judge the durability of the gemstone only through its hardness; just hardness can’t be a proof of some gemstone’s durability.  For instance, a perfect cleavage is found in the diamond which means it can be broken with a single waft. The same is the case with topaz which is another very hard gem.

Ruby and sapphire are not as hard as diamond but they have no cleavage and the same quality is found in spinal and quartz. Some other gems like emerald are quite hard but they have internal cleavages that often filled by polishing and oiling. Contrarliy, some gems like jade are not hard enough but still very tough due to their specific crystal structure.

Stability is another thing to measure durability. The tendency of a material to be altered as a reaction of heat, light or chemicals is counted as its stability. Some gemstones like aquamarine and peridot must not be contacted with acids. Similarly some gemstones like kunzite, hiddentie and brownish-yellow topaz fade when they are exposed to the sun for long periods of time. Some gems that surround water like opals have the tendency to become crack and dehydrated.

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